Российское сообщество больных Гепатитом С
 

1.1.6a TEARS, SALIVA, URINE, AND OTHER BODY FLUIDS

Body fluids from 14 patients with chronic hepatitis C were analyzed for the presence of hepatitis C viral RNA using the polymerase chain reaction. The hepatitis C viral genome was not detected in any saliva or semen sample, although antibodies to the virus were (J Med Virol 1998 May;55(1):24-27). These findings suggest that body fluids of patients with chronic hepatitis C are rarely, if ever, contaminated with the hepatitis C virus. Another study (J Med Virol 1998 Apr;54(4):271-275), however, revealed the presence of the virus itself, and led the researchers to question whether or not the virus could reside in the salivary glands themselves (“Predominance of HCV type 2a in saliva from intravenous drug users.” University of Glasgow Dental School, Scotland).

A very recent study in France detected the presence of HCV RNA in the semen of HCV infected men. The researchers had to devise a special test to detect the virus. Ordinary PCR tests are not strong enough to detect the small amount of HCV viral particles in semen. The doctors caution that although the risk of transmission is low because the viral load in semen is low, nevertheless the risk of sexual transmission from men to women remains a possibility (The Lancet 356: 9223:42-43, July 2000).

Previous studies have provided conflicting results on the presence of hepatitis C virus-RNA in saliva. In this study, 23 (62%) of 37 patients tested positive for hepatitis C virus-RNA in saliva, using polymerase chain reaction analysis. A slightly greater proportion had a sporadic rather than a parenteral origin of chronic hepatitis C. These results provide a biological basis for saliva as a possible source of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but do not necessarily imply transmission by this route. - “Detection of HCV-RNA in saliva of patients with chronic hepatitis C”, P. Couzigou, L. Richard, F. Dumas, L. Schouler; H. Fleury, Gut 34:S59-60 (1993)

We conclude that HCV RNA is present in the saliva of approximately half of patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C, and the presence of HCV RNA correlates with HCV viremia. The efficiency of HCV transmission is low among spouses. - “Hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva of patients with posttransfusion hepatitis and low efficiency of transmission among spouses”, J. T. Wang, T. H. Wang, J. C. Sheu, J. T. Lin; D. S. Chen, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China.

For up to 20 to 40% of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the mode of transmission is still unknown. We demonstrate that tear fluid contains HCV RNA-carrying material with the properties of infectious virus and conclude that smear infection with tear fluid may play a role in HCV transmission. - “Tear fluid of hepatitis C virus carriers could be infectious”, H. H. Feucht, B. Zollner, M. Schroter, H. Altrogge & R. Laufs, J Clin Microbiol 33: 2202-2203 (1995)



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